Forging Democracy

Optimistic reading

Vorwort
Tour de force of synthesis and scholarship by major European historian

Autorentext
Geoff Eley is Professor of History at the University of Michigan. He is the author and editor of many books on British and German history, including Reshaping the German Right: Radical Nationalism and Political Change after Bismarck.

Klappentext
Democracy in Europe has been a recent phenomenon. Only in the wake of World War II were democratic frameworks secured, and, even then, it was decades before democracy truly blanketed the continent.
Neither given nor granted, democracy requires conflict, often violent confrontations, and challenges to the established political order. In Europe, Geoff Eley convincingly shows, democracy did not evolve organically out of a natural consensus, the achievement of prosperity, or the negative cement of
the Cold War. Rather, it was painstakingly crafted, continually expanded, and doggedly defended by varying constellations of socialist, feminist, Communist, and other radical movements that originally blossomed in the later nineteenth century. Parties of the Left championed democracy in the
revolutionary crisis after World War I, salvaged it against the threat of fascism, and renewed its growth after 1945. They organized civil societies rooted in egalitarian ideals which came to form the very fiber of Europe's current democratic traditions. The trajectories of European democracy and
the history of the European Left are thus inextricably bound together.
Geoff Eley has given us the first truly comprehensive history of the European Left--its successes and failures; its high watermarks and its low tides; its accomplishments, insufficiencies, and excesses; and, most importantly, its formative, lasting influence on the European political landscape. At a
time when the Left's influence and legitimacy are frequently called into question, Forging Democracy passionately upholds its vital contribution.

Zusammenfassung
Seeking neither to praise nor condemn, this text gives a history of the European Left's successes and failures; its high watermarks and its low tides; its accomplishments, insufficiencies, and excesses; and its formative, lasting influence on the political landscape of the West.

Inhalt
Introduction: Defining the Left: Socialism, Democracy,
and the People
Part One: Making Democracy Social: Preparing the Future
1: Marxism and the Left: Laying the Foundation
2: Industrialisation and the Making of the Working
Class
3: The Rise of Labour Movement: The Forward March of
History
4: Social Democracy and its Others: Socialism's Lacks
5: The Permanence of Capitalism?
Part Two: Revolutionary Europe, 1914-1923
6: The Rupture of War: Crisis and the Reconstruction of
the Left, 1914-17
7: The Russian Revolution
8: Breaking the Mold of Socialism: Left-Wing Communism,
1917-23
9: Germany and Italy: Two Cases
10: The Foundation of Communist Parties
11: Living the Future: The Left in Culture
12: The Politics of Gender: Women and the Left
13: A House Divided
Part Three: Stabilisation and the "War of Position"
14: The Stability of Capitalism: With or Without
Democracy
15: Stalinism and Western Marxism: Socialism in One
Country
16: Fascism and the Popular Front, 1930-38: Politics of
Retreat
17: People's War and People's Peace: Remaking the
Nation, 1939-47
18: Closure: Postwar Communism, Welfare Capitalism, and
the Cold War, 1945-56
19: 1956
Part Four: Future Imperfect
20: 1968: It Moves After All
21: Feminism: Regendering the Left
22: Class and the Politics of Labour
23: New Politics, New Times: Remaking Socialism and
Democracy
24: Gorbachev, End of Communism, and the Revolutions of
1989
25: New Social Movements: Politics Out of Doors
26: The Centre and the Margins: Decline or Renewal?
Conclusion
Appendix

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