Early Organic Evolution

This volume is addressed to scientists of Earth Sciences and Geochemistry, especially engaged in organic geochemistry and petroleum science, economic geology, isotopic biogeochemistry, precambrian paleontology, and archaean geochemistry.

Klappentext
This volume presents both an overview and final synopsis of the work performed between 1978 - 1989 by an international task force of geologists, geochemists, and paleontologists rallied around the charter of IGCP-Project 157 (Early Organic Evolution and Mineral and Energy Resources). Apart from several review papers summarizing the state of the art in selected facets of the subject, the bulk of the contributions reflects current research activities in the field (including modern analogs of ancient processes) ranging from early evolution of life on this planet to questions of Precambrian weathering, metallogeny and petroleum formation. Dealing with processes at the interface between evolutionary biology, organic geochemistry and economic geology, the book gives an updated summary of the current state of one of the most challenging frontiers in Earth Sciences.

Inhalt
Early Organic Evolution and Mineral and Energy Resources: A Farewell Address to IGCP Project 157.- 1. Precambrian Weathering and Paleosols.- to Precambrian Weathering and Paleosols.- How to Find a Precambrian Paleosol.- Experimental Procedures to Simulate Weathering Under Atmospheres. Which May Have Characterized the Early Archean.- The Lower Proterozoic Hokkalampi Paleosol in North Karelia, Eastern Finland.- Paleosol and Ore-Forming Processes in the Elliot Lake District of Canada.- Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Pre-1.65 Ga Paleosol Under Kombolgie Formation Sandstone of the Pine Creek Geosyncline, Northern Territory, Australia.- Carbonaceous High-Alumina Shale in the Transvaal Supergroup: Evidence of Early Proterozoic Karstic Weathering in a Marine Environment.- Significance of Precambrian Paleosols.- 2. Organic Matter in Precambrian and Early Paleozoic Sediments.- Mantle Carbon: Concentration, Mode of Occurrence, and Isotopic Composition.- Carbon Cycle and Carbon Isotope Record: Geochemical Impact of Life over 3.8 Ga of Earth History.- Precambrian Petroleum: A Decade of Changing Perceptions.- Paleontology and Biogeochemical Research: A Powerful Synergy.- Proterozoic Organic Carbon -Its Preservation and Isotopic Record.- An Assessment of the Precambrian/Cambrian Transition Events on the Basis of Carbon Isotope Records.- Stratiform and Globular Organic Matter in the Lower Proterozoic Metasediments at Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada.- Organic Carbon Isotopic Composition of Proterozoic Sedimentary Rocks from India: Preliminary Results.- Organic Free Radicals in Precambrian and Paleozoic Rocks: Origin and Significance.- On the Atypical Petroleum-Generating Characteristics of Alginite in the Cambrian Alum Shale.- Distribution and Structure of Hydrocarbons and HeterocyclicSulfur Compounds Released from Four Kerogens of Ordovician Age by Means of Flash Pyrolysis.- Thermal Maturity of Early Paleozoic Sediments as Determined by the Optical Properties of Marine-Derived Organic Matter -A Review.- Hydrocarbon Composition of the Late Proterozoic Oils of the Siberian Platform: Implications for the Depositional Environment of Source Rocks.- Biomarkers and Other Hydrocarbons in Upper Sinian Stromatolitic Dolostones from Southwest China.- Natural Gas in Sinian Reservoirs of the Weiyuan Area, Sichuan Province: The Oldest Gas in China.- Biological Markers in Paleozoic Sedimentary Rocks and Crude Oils from the Michigan Basin: Reassessment of Sources and Thermal History of Organic Matter.- The Influence of Gloeocapsomorpha prisca on the Organic Geochemistry of Oils and Organic-Rich Rocks of Late Ordovician Age from Canada.- 3. Antiquity and Metallogenic Potential of Bacterial Sulfate Reduction.- Sulfur in the Earth's Mantle -A Review.- Bacterial Sulfate Reduction: Current Status and Possible Origin.- Biogeochemistry of Sulfur and the Mechanisms of Sulfide-Sulfate Mineralization in Archean Oceans.- Biological and Abiological Sulfate Reduction in Two Northern Australian Proterozoic Basins.- Global Oxidation and a Supercontinent in the Proterozoic: Evidence from Stable Isotopic Trends.- Depositional and Diagenetic C S Fe Signatures and the Potential of Shales to Generate Metal-Rich Fluids.- Genetic Relationship Between Elementary, Organic, and Pyritic Sulfur in Sediments.- 4. Fossil Microbial Ecosystems of the Stromatolitic Type and Their Modern Analogs.- The History and Significance of Stromatolites.- Proterozoic and Living Cyanobacteria.- Lower Precambrian Stromatolite Associations of Karelia.- Tussocky Microstructure, a BiologicalEvent in Upper Proterozoic Stromatolites: Comparisons with Modern Freshwater Stromatolite Builders.- On the Association of Ore Deposits with Stromatolites.- Experimental Hypersaline Ponds as Model Environments for Stromatolite Formation 1. Microbenthos Composition and Biomass Accumulation.- Experimental Hypersaline Ponds as Model Environments for Stromatolite Formation 2. Isotopic Biogeochemistry.- Palynostratigraphy in Phanerozoic and Precambrian Metamorphic Rocks.- 5. General Topics.- Mineral Deposits and Metallogeny: Indicators of Earth's Evolution.- Chemical Evolution of Sedimentary and Magmatic Rocks in the Earth's Crust.

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