Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning

Autorentext
Stephen Newstead, Jonathan St.B.T. Evans

Klappentext
In recent years, there has been a massive upsurge in interest in the psychology of thinking and reasoning. This book contains contributions from virtually all the main players involved in research into these areas. It focuses on three reasoning problems devised by Peter Wason which have inspired countless journal articles over the past 25 years: the selection task, the 2-4-6 task and the THOG problem. Despite this intense interest, the reasons why people make so many errors in these seemingly simple tasks are still not fully understood. A variety of different theoretical perspectives have been used in trying to explain performance. These include: the mental models approach, the pragmatic reasoning approach and the mental logic approach. All of the leading proponents of these theories have contributed chapters to this book in which they expand and update their theories. Other chapters, some reviewing the literature, others offering new theoretical perspectives, have been produced by leading researchers from both sides of the Atlantic. There is a final chapter from Peter Wason himself, whose early research prompted the initial interest in these areas. He describes how he came to create the tasks which have proved so influential. The entire book is in essence a tribute to his enormous contribution to research in the psychology of reasoning. This book will be of relevance to all those interested in human thinking, including students and researchers in psychology, cognitive science and philosophy.

Zusammenfassung
This collection of essays focuses on three reasoning problems devised by Peter Wason - the selection task, the 2-4-6 task, and the THOG problem - which have had a considerable influence since their invention.; The reasons why people make so many errors in these seemingly simple tasks are still not fully understood. A variety of different theoretical perspectives have been used in trying to explain performance. These include the mental models approach, the pragmatic reasoning approach, and the mental logic approach. This book contains chapters which discuss all these theories. Other chapters review the literature or offer alternative theoretical perspectives. A final chapter by Peter Wason describes how he came to create the tasks discussed.

Inhalt
Creating a psychology of reasoning - the contribution of Peter Wason, J.St.B.T. Evans, S.E. Newstead; the effects of rule clarification, decision justification and selection instructions on Wason's abstract selection task, R. A. Griggs; content effects in Wason's selection task, R.L. Dominowski; pragmatic reasoning about human voluntary action - evidence from Wason's selection task, K.J. Holyoak, P.W. Cheng; deontic reasoning, K.I. Manktelow, D. E. Over; inference and mental models, P.N. Johnson-Laird; relevance and reasoning, J.St.B.T. Evans; the abstract selection - thesis, antithesis and synthesis, D.W. Green; finding logic in human reasoning requires looking in the right places - a mental logic view of logical reasoning tasks, D.P. O'Brien; hypothesis testing, M.E. Gorman; scientific reasoning, R.D. Tweney, S.T. Chitwood; the THOG problem and its implications for human reasoning, S.E. Newstead, V. Girotto, P. Legrenzi; creativity in research, P.C. Wason.

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