Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Degenerative Disease Prevention

Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Degenerative Disease Prevention is a compilation of different segments of functional foods and nutraceuticals focusing on their mechanism of action in the human body leading to disease prevention. Numerous chapters deal with different functional foods in terms of their efficacy, highlighting the mechanism of action of their ingredients. The book focuses on the biochemistry and molecular biology of the disease prevention process rather than simply compiling the benefits of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Aimed primarily at an audience comprised of researchers, industry professionals, food scientists, medical professionals and graduate level students, Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Degenerative Disease Prevention offers a mechanism-based interpretation for the effect of nutraceuticals within the human body. Ultimately, the discussion of the biological effects of a variety of functional foods will provide a wholesome approach to the maintenance of health through judicious choice of functional foods.

Autorentext
Dr Gopinadhan Paliyath is Professor in the Department of
Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Dr Marica Bakovic is Professor in the Department of Human
Health & Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph,
Ontario, Canada

Dr Kalidas Shetty is Professor in the Department of Food
Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA

Klappentext
In recent years there has been a tremendous increase in the awareness of dietary habits and their influence on maintaining good health through disease prevention. Thus, there has been considerable popular demand for the health-enhancing, physiologically active components of functional foods, as consumers have become increasingly aware of the important link between diet and health and the vital role that diet plays in combating chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer, type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's, and autoimmune diseases. Functional foods and functional food ingredients/nutraceuticals and their influence on health have become common in scientific and popular literature. Apart from the common nutrients and vitamins that are obtained from food that form the building blocks of the human body, nutraceuticals present in many commonly consumed foods exert specific health or medical benefits, including the prevention and, in some cases, treatment of disease conditions, which enables their categorization as functional foods. This book reviews the current science of functional foods and nutraceuticals, focusing on their mechanisms of action in the human body that lead to disease prevention. Numerous chapters deal with various functional foods in terms of their efficacy, and highlight the biochemistry and molecular biology of the disease prevention process rather than simply compiling the benefits of these food products. Special Features Covers the causes and development of diseases, genetic susceptibility and the role of lifestyle Takes a nutrigenomics approach to disease prevention Highlights nutraceuticals and their specific biochemical/molecular mechanisms of action Discusses the physiological roles of nutraceuticals Interprets how nutraceutical action leads to disease prevention Considers global implications of changes in food habits and how diseases are becoming prevalent in some populations

Zusammenfassung
Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Degenerative Disease Prevention is a compilation of different segments of functional foods and nutraceuticals focusing on their mechanism of action in the human body leading to disease prevention. Numerous chapters deal with different functional foods in terms of their efficacy, highlighting the mechanism of action of their ingredients. The book focuses on the biochemistry and molecular biology of the disease prevention process rather than simply compiling the benefits of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Aimed primarily at an audience comprised of researchers, industry professionals, food scientists, medical professionals and graduate level students, Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Degenerative Disease Prevention offers a mechanism-based interpretation for the effect of nutraceuticals within the human body. Ultimately, the discussion of the biological effects of a variety of functional foods will provide a wholesome approach to the maintenance of health through judicious choice of functional foods.

Inhalt
Contributors xv Preface xvii About the Editors xix 1 Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Disease Prevention: A Window to the Future of Health Promotion 3
Gopinadhan Paliyath and Kalidas Shetty 1.1 Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Modern Society: Implications on Life Quality, Productivity, Economic Burden 3 1.1.1 Diet and lifestyle changes: the missing foods 3 1.1.2 Social and economic burden of chronic degenerative diseases 4 1.2 Health Regulatory Properties of Foods: Prevention Is Better Than Cure 5 1.2.1 Fruit and vegetable consumption and disease prevention 6 References 8 2 Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals 11
Chung-Ja C. Jackson and Gopinadhan Paliyath 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Definition of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals 12 2.2.1 Effects of functional foods and nutraceuticals on major chronic diseases 16 2.3 Sources and Biological Effects of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Nature 19 2.3.1 Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) 20 2.3.2 Phytoestrogens 21 2.3.3 Tomatoes 21 2.3.4 Garlic (Allium sativum) 21 2.3.5 Cruciferous vegetables 22 2.3.6 Citrus fruits 22 2.3.7 Cranberry 23 2.3.8 Tea 23 2.3.9 Wine and grapes 24 2.3.10 Chocolate 24 2.3.11 Fish 25 2.3.12 Dairy products 25 2.3.13 Carbohydrates 26 2.3.14 Meat 26 2.3.15 Vitamins 26 2.3.16 Minerals 27 2.4 Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: Health Claims and Benefits 27 2.4.1 Oats 27 2.4.2 Psyllium 27 2.4.3 Soybeans 28 2.4.4 Phytosterols 29 2.4.5 Fiber 29 2.4.6 D-Tagatose 29 2.5 Qualifi ed Health Claims 29 2.5.1 Selenium and cancer 29 2.5.2 Antioxidant vitamins and cancer 30 2.5.3 Nuts (e.g., walnuts) and heart disease 30 2.5.4 Omega-3 fatty acids and CHD 30 2.5.5 Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylcholine and cognitive dysfunction and dementia 30 2.5.6 Folic acid and neural tube birth defects 30 2.6 Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: Safety Issues 30 2.6.1 Echinacea 31 2.6.2 Ephedra (also called ma huang, herbal ecstasy, or mahuanggen) 31 2.6.3 Feverfew 31 2.6.4 Garlic 31 2.6.5 Ginger 32 2.6.6 Gingko biloba 32 2.6.7 Ginseng 32 2.6.8 Kava kava products 32 2.6.9 St. John's Wort 32 2.7 Regulation of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals 33 2.8 Public Education and Dietary Guidance 35 2.9 Concluding Remarks 36 References 37 3 Nutritional Genomics: Fundamental Role of Diet in Chronic Disease Prevention and Control 45
Amy J. Tucker, Branden Deschambault, and Marica Bakovic 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Nutrigenetics 46 3.2.1 Gene polymorphisms 46 3.2.2 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 47 3.2.3 Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) 47 3.2.4 Regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (rSNPs) 48 3.2.5 Splice site single nucleotide polym…

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