Handbook of Oil Spill Science and Technology

Informationen zum Autor Merv Fingas has 40 years of experience in oil and chemical spill research. He has authored over 850 technical publications and papers including books, manuals and over 500 peer-reviewed papers. He has won over 20 awards for research and papers from the United States Government, Canadian Government and international conferences. Dr. Fingas has also collaborated on studies with over 25 organizations around the world, coordinated studies for over 30 years through 6 internationally-attended committees and developed co-operative projects with many international groups. Klappentext Provides a scientific basis for the cleanup and for the assessment of oil spills* Enables Non-scientific officers to understand the science they use on a daily basis* Multi-disciplinary approach covering fields as diverse as biology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, oceanography and toxicology* Covers the science of oil spills from risk analysis to cleanup and through the effects on the environment* Includes case studies examining and analyzing spills, such as Tasman Spirit oil spill on the Karachi Coast, and provides lessons to prevent these in the future Zusammenfassung Provides a scientific basis for the cleanup and for the assessment of oil spills* Enables Non-scientific officers to understand the science they use on a daily basis* Multi-disciplinary approach covering fields as diverse as biology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, oceanography and toxicology* Covers the science of oil spills from risk analysis to cleanup and through the effects on the environment* Includes case studies examining and analyzing spills, such as Tasman Spirit oil spill on the Karachi Coast, and provides lessons to prevent these in the future Inhaltsverzeichnis Contributors xviiAuthor Biographies xixPreface xxviiPART I Risk Analysis 11 Risk Analysis and Prevention 3Dagmar Schmidt Etkin1.1 Introduction 31.2 Executive Summary 31.3 Oil Spill Risk Analysis 41.4 Overview of Oil Spill Prevention 28References 34PART II Oil Properties 372 Oil Physical Properties: Measurement and Correlation 39Bruce P. Hollebone2.1 Introduction 392.2 Bulk Properties of Crude Oil and Fuel Products 392.3 Hydrocarbon Groups 442.4 Quality Assurance and Control 462.5 Effects of Evaporative Weathering on Oil Bulk Properties 46References 49PART III Oil Composition and Properties 513 Introduction to Oil Chemistry and Properties 53Merv Fingas3.1 Introduction 533.2 The Composition of Oil 533.3 Properties of Oil 75References 764 Vegetable Oil Spills: Oil Properties and Behavior 79Merv Fingas4.1 Introduction 794.2 The Oils 794.3 Historical Spills 794.4 Aquatic Toxicity 864.5 Properties of the Oils 864.6 Behavior in the Environment 874.7 Oxidation Biodegradation and Polymerization 874.8 Spill Countermeasures 884.9 Biofuels 884.10 Conclusions 89References 89PART IV Oil Analysis 935 Chromatographic Fingerprinting Analysis of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products 95Chun Yang, Zhendi Wang, Bruce P. Hollebone ,Carl E. Brown, Zeyu Yang, and Mike Landriault5.1 Introduction 955.2 Introduction to Oil Analysis Techniques 1005.3 Methodology of Oil Fingerprinting Analysis 1055.4 Weathering Effect on Oil Chemical Composition 1415.5 Diagnostic Ratios of Target Hydrocarbons 1485.6 Forensic Oil Spill Identification: A Case Study 151References 1586 Oil Spill Identification 165Joan Albaigés, Paul G.M. Kienhuis, and Gerhard Dahlmann6.1 Introduction 1656.2 Sampling 1676.3 Sample Handling in the Laboratory 1706.4 Analysis 1716.5 Conclusions 198References 202PART V Oil Behavior 2057 Oil and Petroleum Evaporation 207Merv Fingas7.1 Introduction 2077.2 Review of Historical Concepts 2097.3 Development of New Diffusion-Regulated Models 2137.4 Complexities to the Diffusion-Regulated Model 2187.5 Use of Evaporation Equations in Spill Models 2207.6...

Autorentext
Merv Fingas has 40 years of experience in oil and chemical spill research. He has authored over 850 technical publications and papers including books, manuals and over 500 peer-reviewed papers. He has won over 20 awards for research and papers from the United States Government, Canadian Government and international conferences. Dr. Fingas has also collaborated on studies with over 25 organizations around the world, coordinated studies for over 30 years through 6 internationally-attended committees and developed co-operative projects with many international groups.

Klappentext
Provides a scientific basis for the cleanup and for the assessment of oil spills * Enables Non-scientific officers to understand the science they use on a daily basis * Multi-disciplinary approach covering fields as diverse as biology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, oceanography and toxicology * Covers the science of oil spills from risk analysis to cleanup and through the effects on the environment * Includes case studies examining and analyzing spills, such as Tasman Spirit oil spill on the Karachi Coast, and provides lessons to prevent these in the future

Inhalt
Contributors xvii Author Biographies xix Preface xxvii PART I Risk Analysis 1 1 Risk Analysis and Prevention 3 Dagmar Schmidt Etkin 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Executive Summary 3 1.3 Oil Spill Risk Analysis 4 1.4 Overview of Oil Spill Prevention 28 References 34 PART II Oil Properties 37 2 Oil Physical Properties: Measurement and Correlation 39 Bruce P. Hollebone 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 Bulk Properties of Crude Oil and Fuel Products 39 2.3 Hydrocarbon Groups 44 2.4 Quality Assurance and Control 46 2.5 Effects of Evaporative Weathering on Oil Bulk Properties 46 References 49 PART III Oil Composition and Properties 51 3 Introduction to Oil Chemistry and Properties 53 Merv Fingas 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 The Composition of Oil 53 3.3 Properties of Oil 75 References 76 4 Vegetable Oil Spills: Oil Properties and Behavior 79 Merv Fingas 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 The Oils 79 4.3 Historical Spills 79 4.4 Aquatic Toxicity 86 4.5 Properties of the Oils 86 4.6 Behavior in the Environment 87 4.7 Oxidation Biodegradation and Polymerization 87 4.8 Spill Countermeasures 88 4.9 Biofuels 88 4.10 Conclusions 89 References 89 PART IV Oil Analysis 93 5 Chromatographic Fingerprinting Analysis of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products 95 Chun Yang, Zhendi Wang, Bruce P. Hollebone ,Carl E. Brown, Zeyu Yang, and Mike Landriault 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 Introduction to Oil Analysis Techniques 100 5.3 Methodology of Oil Fingerprinting Analysis 105 5.4 Weathering Effect on Oil Chemical Composition 141 5.5 Diagnostic Ratios of Target Hydrocarbons 148 5.6 Forensic Oil Spill Identification: A Case Study 151 References 158 6 Oil Spill Identification 165 Joan Albaigés, Paul G.M. Kienhuis, and Gerhard Dahlmann 6.1 Introduction 165 6.2 Sampling 167 6.3 Sample Handling in the Laboratory 170 6.4 Analysis 171 6.5 Conclusions 198 References 202 PART V Oil Behavior 205 7 Oil and Petroleum Evaporation 207 Merv Fingas 7.1 Introduction 207 7.2 Review of Historical Concepts 209 7.3 Development of New Diffusion-Regulated Models 213 7.4 Complexities to the Diffusion-Regulated Model 218 7.5 Use of Evaporation Equations in Spill Models 220 7.6 Volatilization 221 7.7 Measurement of Evaporation 221 7.8 Summary 221 References 222 8 Water-in-Oil Emulsions: Formation and Prediction 225 Merv Fingas and Ben Fieldhouse 8.1 Introduction 225 8.2 Types of Emulsions 225 8.3 Stability Indices 226 8.4 Formation of Emulsions 230 8.5 Modeling the Formation of Water-in-Oil Emulsions 235 8.6 Conclusions 251 References 268 9 Oil Behavior in Ice-Infested Waters 271 Merv Fingas and Bruce P. Hollebone 9.1 Introduction 271 9.2 Spreading on Ice 271 9.3 Spreading on or in Snow 273 9.4 Spreading under Ice 273 9.5 Spreading on Water with Ice Present 274 9.6 The Effect of Gas on Oil-under-Ice Spreading 275 9.7 Movement through Ice 276 9.8 Oil in Leads 277 9.9 Absorption to Snow and Ice 280 9.10 Containment on Ice 280 9.11 Heating Effect of Oil on the Surface of I…

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