Mathematics Without Borders

This volume presents the story of how ideas of the global cultivation of mathematics, across national borders, gradually began to take shape a century ago and how these ideas developed, amidst political difficulties and serious setbacks, into a fruitful worldwide cooperative effort under the aegis of the IMU. The author hopes that this history will improve understanding of the important role the Union has played in the promotion of mathematics throughout the world and that the record of past events might serve as a guide for the future.

The story is an engaging one for anyone involved in mathematics, as the aftermaths of the First and Second World Wars and the repercussions of the Cold War are inseparably entangled with the history of the IMU. This is the official history of the IMU, undertaken at the express wish of the Unions Executive Committee. Based on official documents and minutes of the Union. This book contains much information that was previously only available in scattered resources.

Klappentext
The twentieth century has been one of great international conflict, but also one of increasing globalization and cooperation among nations. The history of international mathematical cooperation over the last hundred years--from the first international congress in 1897 to plans for the World Mathematical Year 2000--as told by Professor Olli Lehto, is a surprisingly compelling story. For reflected in the history of the International Mathematical Union (IMU) is all the strife among world powers, as well as aspirations for cooperation among nations in an increasingly interdependent world. The IMU, founded in the aftermath of World War I, for fifteen years excluded Germany and the other defeated Central Powers. But in the 1920s the IMU embraced principles of political neutrality, inviting every national mathematical organization to join the IMU, and this principle of nondiscrimination, while sometimes sorely tried, has held the IMU in good stead. Then came the Second World War, and again international cooperation was threatened. After World War II, a number of issues--the Cold War, the conflict between the People's Republic of China and Taiwan, a divided Germany, problems in the emerging nations of Africa--at times led to attempts to influence the IMU Executive Committee in its decisions regarding membership, location of international congresses, committee assignments, handling of protests, and awarding the coveted Fields Medals. Throughout the tumultuous past half century the IMU has sponsored International Congresses throughout the world, and Mathematics Without Borders will fill you in on all the mathematical and organizational details. But what keeps you turning pages is the very human story of individuals, among them many of the great mathematicians of our

Inhalt
1 Prologue to the History of the IMU.- 1.1 Ideas of International Mathematical Cooperation Awaken.- 1.2 Formation of Institutionalized Congresses in.- 1.3 International Mathematical Activities Before World War I.- 1.4 Politics Enters into International Cooperation in Science.- 2 The Old IMU (1920-1932).- 2.1 The Foundation of the IMU in the Aftermath of World War I.- 2.2 Mounting Opposition Against the IMU's Policy of Exclusion.- 2.3 Transformation of the International Research Council into the International Council of Scientific Unions.- 2.4 The IMU Separates from the Congresses.- 2.5 The IMU Adrift.- 2.6 Suspension of the IMU.- 3 Mathematical Cooperation Without the IMU (1933-1939).- 3.1 The Fields Medals.- 3.2 Collaboration in Mathematical Education.- 3.3 A Failed Attempt to Found a New IMU.- 3.4 The Oslo Congress in.- 4 Foundation of the New IMU (1945-1951) 73.- 4.1 American Declaration of Universality.- 4.2 Preparation of the IMU Statutes.- 4.3 The Rebirth of the IMU.- 4.4 ICM-1950 at Harvard: American Tour de Force.- 5 The IMU Takes Shape (1952-1954).- 5.1 The First General Assembly in Rome in.- 5.2 The Secretariat of the IMU.- 5.3 Starting the IMU's Activities.- 5.4 ICMI Becomes Attached to the Union.- 5.5 The 1954 General Assembly in the Netherlands.- 5.6 ICM-1954 in Amsterdam: Comeback of the Old World.- 6 Expansion of the IMU (1955-1958) 121.- 6.1 Membership of Socialist Countries.- 6.2 The Chinese Problem Emerges.- 6.3 The World Directory of Mathematicians.- 6.4 Extension of Mathematical Activities.- 7 The IMU and International Congresses (1958-1962).- 7.1 The 1958 General Assembly in Scotland.- 7.2 ICM-1958 in Edinburgh.- 7.3 Why Organize Large ICMs?.- 7.4 The IMU Becomes a Partner of the ICMs.- 7.5 The 1962 General Assembly in Sweden.- 7.6 ICM-1962 in Stockholm: An IMU Breakthrough.- 8 Consolidation of the IMU (1963-1970).- 8.1 The USSR Hosts the 1966 General Assembly.- 8.2 ICM-1966 in Moscow: East and West Meet.- 8.3 The 1970 General Assembly in France.- 8.4 ICM-1970 in Nice.- 9 North-South and East-West Connections (1971-1978).- 9.1 New Programs and Trends.- 9.2 The 1974 General Assembly in Canada.- 9.3 ICM-1974 in Vancouver: Disagreement About the Program.- 9.4 How to Make an ICM.- 9.5 The 1978 General Assembly in Finland.- 9.6 ICM-1978 in Helsinki.- 10 Politics Interferes with the IMU (1979-1986).- 10.1 The IMU and the Soviet National Committee.- 10.2 Martial Law in the Host Country of the Congress.- 10.3 The 1982 General Assembly in Poland.- 10.4 ICM-1983 in Warsaw: Mathematics Above Politics.- 10.5 The 1986 Presidential Election.- 10.6 China Joins the IMU.- 11 The IMU and Related Organizations.- 11.1 The IMU as a Member of ICSU.- 11.2 ICMI as a Subcommission of the IMU.- 11.3 Commission on Development and Exchange.- 11.4 Problems in Africa.- 11.5 The IMU and the History of Mathematics.- 11.6 The IMU and Applied Mathematics.- 12 The IMU in a Changing World (1986-1990).- 12.1 The 1986 General Assembly in California.- 12.2 ICM-1986 at Berkeley.- 12.3 Japan Hosts the 1990 General Assembly.- 12.4 ICM-1990 in Kyoto.- 12.5 World Mathematical Year 2000.- 1 Members of the IMU.- 2 General Assemblies of the IMU.- 3 Executive Committees of the IMU.- 4 Meetings of the IMU Executive Committees.- 5 Central Committees of the International Commission on the Teaching of Mathematics.- 6 Executive Committees of ICMI.- 7 Commissions on Development and Exchange.- 8 International Congresses of Mathematicians.- 9 Fields Medals.- 10 Rolf Nevanlinna Prizes.- 11 Union Lectures.- 12 Finances.- 13 Archives (as of June 1996).- Notes.

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