Quantum Computing and Quantum Bits in Mesoscopic Systems

Quantum information science is a new field of science and technology which requires the collaboration of researchers coming from different fields of physics, mathematics, and engineering: both theoretical and applied. Quantum Computing and Quantum Bits in Mesoscopic Systems addresses fundamental aspects of quantum physics, enhancing the connection between the quantum behavior of macroscopic systems and information theory. In addition to theoretical quantum physics, the book comprehensively explores practical implementation of quantum computing and information processing devices.
On the experimental side, this book reports on recent and previous observations of quantum behavior in several physical systems, coherently coupled Bose-Einstein condensates, quantum dots, superconducting quantum interference devices, Cooper pair boxes, and electron pumps in the context of the Josephson effect. In these systems, the book discusses all required steps, from fabrication through characterization to the final basic implementation for quantum computing.

Autorentext
Anthony Leggett is recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics

Inhalt
1 When is a Quantum-Mechanical System Isolated?.- 2 Manipulation and Readout of a Josephson Qubit.- 3 Aharonov-Casher Effect Suppression of Macroscopic Flux Tunneling.- 4 Squid Systems in View of Macroscopic Quantum Coherence and Adiabatic Quantum Gates.- 5 Test of an rf-Squid System with Stroboscopic One-Shot Readout Under Microwave Irradiation.- 6 Squid Rings as Devices for Controlling Quantum Entanglement and Information.- 7 Manipulating Quantum Transitions in a Persistent Current Qubit.- 8 Vortices in Josephson Arrays Interacting with Nonclassical Microwaves in a Dissipative Environment.- 9 Realization of the Universal Quantum Cloning and of the Not Gate by Optical Parametric Amplification.- 10 New Quantum Nanostructures: Boron-Based Metallic Nanotubes and Geometric Phases in Carbon Nanocones.- 11 Transport Investigations Of Chemical Nanostructures.- 12 Long-Range Coherence In Bose-Einstein Condensates.- 13 A Simple Quantum Equation for Decoherence Through Interaction with the Environment.- 14 Searching for a Semiclassical Shor's Algorithm.- 15 Low Tc Josephson Junction Response to An Ultrafast Laser Pulse.- 16 Influence of the Measurement Process on the Step Width in the Coulomb Staircase.- 17 Josephson Junction Triangular Prism Qubits Coupled to a Resonant Lc Bus: Qubits and Gates for a Holonomic Quantum Computer.- 18 Incoherent and Coherent Tunneling of Macroscopic Phase in Flux Qubits.- 19 Decoherence in Flux Qubits Due to 1/f Noise in Josephson Junctions.- 20 Zeeman Splitting in Quantum Dots.- 21 Gate Errors in Solid-State Quantum Computer Architectures.- 22 Quantum Computing with Electron Spins in Quantum Dots.- 23 Relation Between Dephasing and Renormalization Phenomena in Quantum Two-Level Systems.- 24 Superconducting Quantum Computing WithoutSwitches.- 25 Scalable Architecture for Adiabatic Quantum Computing of Np-Hard Problems.- 26 Semiclassical Analysis of 1/f Noise in Josephson Qubits.- 27 Solid-State Analog of an Optical Interferometer.- 28 Single Electron Transistors with Al/AlOx/Nb and Nb/AlOx/Nb Junctions.- 29 Time-Local Master Equations: Influence Functional and Cumulant Expansion.

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