Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid in the Twentieth Century

Zusatztext includes an impressive array of historically and geographically diverse case studies exploring the inherent tensions within the practice of humanitarianism throughout its modern history ... Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid's breadth of topics! innovative chronological coverage! and incisive questions will make this a key text in what has fast become a vibrant field of study. Informationen zum Autor Johannes Paulmann is Director of the Leibniz Institute of European History and Professor of Modern History at the University of Mainz Klappentext This volume explores the history of humanitarian aid revealing fundamental dilemmas inherent in humanitarian practice for more than a century. The contemporary structure and challenges of humanitarianism were established during specific conjunctures at the global intersection of colonialism, two world wars, the Cold War and decolonization. Zusammenfassung This volume explores the history of humanitarian aid revealing fundamental dilemmas inherent in humanitarian practice for more than a century. The contributions analyse humanitarianism from the point of view of Europe and the West, and from the colonies and the Third World, revealing uneven developments and contingencies of change. Emphasis is put on the coming together of different forces, events, and structures at particular times, explaining the dilemmas faced upto the present day.Humanitarian aid developed in a polycentric, multi-layered manner during specific conjunctures in the twentieth century. Its modern European version combines different threads with strong links to empire, religious and secular organizations, and warfare. In practice, the boundaries between humanitarian relief, development aid, human rights, and humanitarian intervention have been blurred. The urge to relieve distant suffering and make the world a better place, the evolving nature ofhumanitarian organizations, international politics and political economy, have all contributed to making humanitarian aid a dynamic field. The historical studies in this volume are based on multi-archival research. They start with the foundations of international humanitarianism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, highlighting state interests, religious motivations and imperial reform. From these beginnings, humanitarian aid grew strongly in volume and organization during the first half of the twentieth century. The contributions show developments in the shadow of colonialism and two world wars covering Europe,northern Africa, China and transatlantic relations. After 1945 humanitarian practice stood at the intersection of Cold War and decolonization. Wars of independence, direct confrontations between East and West in the Third World, and the growth of development policy affected humanitarian practice, itsscope and challenges. The most recent period of global humanitarianism is explored in essays on the role of non-Western areas in humanitarian governance, relations between concern for others and the self in prominent global organizations, and the practice of aid workers on the spot. The volume identifies several essential dilemmas inherent in the idea and practice of international humanitarian aid since the beginning of the twentieth century. Amongst these is the politics of empathy. Narratives of suffering and relief often focused on events and actions; as the consequence of an alarmist and dramatized picture, regularly gendered by a focus on women and children, the political or structural causes of suffering were often left out. Human empathy was foregrounded and used bysome of the political actors in disasters, so that we can speak of the politics of empathy. Furthermore, the volume describes humanitarian aid as politics: humanitarian aid was often used as an instrument to achieve other ends. In foreign aid it became an instrument of foreign policy. It also formedpart of the economic policy of ...

Autorentext
Johannes Paulmann is Director of the Leibniz Institute of European History and Professor of Modern History at the University of Mainz

Klappentext
This volume explores the history of humanitarian aid revealing fundamental dilemmas inherent in humanitarian practice for more than a century. The contemporary structure and challenges of humanitarianism were established during specific conjunctures at the global intersection of colonialism, two world wars, the Cold War and decolonization.

Inhalt
1 Johannes Paulmann: The Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid: Historical Perspectives; I Multiple Foundations of International Humanitarianism; 2 Matthias Schulz: Dilemmas of 'Geneva' Humanitarian Internationalism: The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Red Cross Movement, 1863-1918; 3 Daniel Maul: American Quakers, the Emergence of International Humanitarianism, and the Foundation of the American Friends Service Committee, 1890-1920; II Humanitarianism in the Shadow of Colonialism and World Wars; 4 Francisco Javier Martinez-Antonio: Weak Nation-States and the Limits of Humanitarian Aid: The Case of Morocco's Rif War, 1921-27; 5 Caroline Reeves: Red Cross, Blue Express: Chinese Local Relief in an Age of Humanitarian Imperialism, Shandong 1923; 6 Davide Rodogno in collaboration with Shaloma Gauthier and Francesca Piana: The League of Nations Mission in Western Thrace: Relief and Rehabilitation Operations (1922-24); 7 Daniel Palmieri and Irene Herrmann: Two Crosses for the Same Aim? Swiss and Swedish Charitable Activities in Greece during the Second World War; 8 Joelle Droux: Life During Wartime: The Save the Children International Union and the Dilemmas of Warfare Relief, 1919-47; 9 Heide Fehrenbach: From Aid to Intimacy: The Humanitarian Origins and Media Culture of International Adoption; 10 Silvia Salvatici: Professionals of Humanitarianism: UNRRA Relief Officers in Post-War Europe; III Humanitarianism at the Intersection of Cold War and Decolonization; 11 Shobana Shankar: Blurring Relief and Development: Religious and Secular Politics of International Humanitarian Intervention during Decolonization in Sub-Saharan Africa; 12 Young-sun Hong: The Algerian War, Third World Internationalism, and the Cold War Politics of Humanitarian Assistance; 13 Konrad J. Kuhn: ?The Credibility of our Humanitarian Effort is at Risk?: Tensions between Solidarity and Humanitarian Aid in the Late 1960s; 14 Florian Hannig: Negotiating Humanitarianism and Politics: Operation Omega's Border-Breaching Missions During the East Pakistan Crisis of 1971; 15 Michael Vossing: Competition over Aid? The German Red Cross, the Committee Cap Anamur, and the Rescue of Boat People in South-East Asia, 1979-82; IV Dilemmas of Global Humanitarianism; 16 Michal Givoni: Humanitarian Dilemmas, Concern for Others, and Care of the Self: The Case of Medecins sans Frontieres; 17 Alain Guilloux: Asia's Evolving Role in Global Humanitarian Governance; 18 Eva Spies: Dilemmas of Participation: Developers and the Problem of Doing the Right Thing

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