Morals, Reason, and Animals

Autorentext
S. F. Sapontzis is Professor of Philosophy at California State University, Hayward.

Zusammenfassung
Criticizes the common belief that we are entitled to exploit animals for our benefit because they are not as rational as people. This book evaluates criticisms of animal rights that have appeared in philosophical literature and explains the consequences of animal liberation for our diet, science, and treatment of the environment.

Inhalt
Preface Acknowledgments Part I: The Moral (In)Significance of Reason 1. Why Should I Be Rational? "Rationality" and Its Alternatives The Methodological Counterattack The Moral of the Story 2. Where Reason Enters In and Where It Doesn't Incidentally Good Actions Ulterior Motives Acting Out of Context Moral Agents, Philosophers, and Judges Summary and Conclusion 3. Being Rational and Acting Morally What "Rational" Refers To Can Only Rational Beings Be Moral Agents? Acting for the Right Reason Acting on Principle and Acting Morally The Free, the Rational, and the Moral Everyday Freedom Pursuing Ideals vs. the Value of Virtue 4. People and Persons Metaphysical vs. Moral Persons The Humanist Principle The Logico-linguistic Defense of Humanism The Phenomenological Defense of Humanism The Transcendental Defense of Humanism The Consequential Defense of Humanism Conclusion Part II: "Animal Rights"? 5. What Liberating Animals Is and Isn't About The Moral Sense of "Animal" Applying the Rhetoric of Liberation to Animals Applying the Concept of Equality to Animals Applying the Rhetoric of Rights to Animals Is Animal Liberation an Affront to Human Liberation? Summary 6. Three Reasons for Liberating Animals Liberating Animals and Developing Moral Character Liberating Animals and Making the World a Happier Place Liberating Animals and Being Fair Conclusion Part III: Answering Some Objections to Liberating Animals 7. Can Animals Have Interests? Language and Interests "Having an Interest" Language and Desire Language and Belief The Psychological (In)Significance of Grammar Language and Truth Language and Self-Consciousness Conclusion Reason and the Moral Significance of Interests Being Rational and Having Interests Having Interests and Moral Standing 8. Moral Community and Animal Rights The Reciprocity Requirement The Agency Requirement The Relations Requirement The Humanist Requirement Conclusion 9. The Misfortune of Death Why (Supposedly) Only Rational Beings Can Have a Right to Life Having vs. Taking an Interest in Life Having Interests and Having Rights Having an Interest in Life and the Right to Life Suffering a Loss and the Awareness of Loss Summary and Conclusion 10. The Replacement Argument The (In)Significance of the Replacement Argument Six Ways of Evaluating Moral Standing Describing the Six Ways Six Evaluations of the Replacement Argument Total Population vs. Prior Existence Utilitarianism Prior Existence Utilitarianism and Obligations to Future Generations Summary Part IV: A Few Consequences 11. Vegetarianism The Simple Answer Exploiting, Slaughtering, and Harvesting Exploiting, Killing, and Scavenging Starvation 12. Whither Animal Research? Can Animals Consent to Research'? Should Research Be Done Only with Those Who Consent? Are Humans a Superior Form of Life? Should Superiors Exploit Their Inferiors? Summary and Conclusion 13. Saving the Rabbit from the Fox The Variety of Absurdity Ought Implies Can "Avoidable" Suffering Conclusion 14. Plants and Things Environmental Ethics and Inherent Value Environmental Crisis and the (Supposed) Necessity of Inherent Value The Variety of Goodness and the (Supposed) Necessity of Inherent Value Conclusion Environmental Ethics and Ecological Holism The Biotic "Community" vs. Animal Liberation The Arbitrariness of Total Holism Environmental Ethics vs. Personal Preferences Morality and the Affirmation of Life Summary The Good of Nonsentient Things The Environmental Ethics of Animal Liberation Notes Bibliography Index

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