Theoretical and Observational Cosmology

A complete account of the fundamental techniques of general relativity and their application to cosmology. The book includes reviews of the different cosmological models and their classification, including such topics as causality and horizons, the cosmological parameters, observational tests and constraints of cosmology, symmetries and the large scale topology of space and space-time, and the use of supernovas as cosmological indicators.
The perturbations to the cosmological models are discussed throughout the volume. The cosmic microwave background is presented, with an emphasis in secondary distortions in relation to cosmological models and large scale structures. Recent results on dark matter are summarised. A general review of primordial nucleosynthesis is given. Gravitational lensing is discussed in great detail. Most contributions show a balance between theory and observation.
Readership : A solid background for students and researchers intending to work in the field of theoretical and observational cosmology.

Zusammenfassung
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Cargese, France from 17-29 August 1998

Inhalt
COSMOLOGICAL MODELS Cargèse Lectures 1998.- 1 Basic relations.- 2 1 + 3 covariant description and equations.- 3 Tetrad description.- 4 FLRW universes and observational relations.- 5 Solutions with symmetries.- 6 Bianchi universes (s = 3).- 7 Almost-FLRW universes.- 8 CBR anisotropies.- 9 Conclusion and open issues.- Topology of the Universe: Theory and Observation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 A Brief History of Cosmological Topology.- 3 Mathematical background.- 4 Topology and Cosmology.- 5 Observational methods, candidates and constraints.- 6 Conclusion.- Symmetries in General Relativity and Beyond.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Spaces and manifolds.- 3 Connections on a manifold.- 4 Relativity and the Poincaré group.- 5 Extending.- 6 Conclusion.- Gravitational Lenses.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Physical mechanisms.- 3 The case of a point-like mass distribution.- 4 Gravitational lenses in Cosmology.- 5 Galaxy clusters as gravitational lenses.- 6 The weak lensing regime.- 7 The weak lensing as a probe of the Large-Scale Structures.- Cosmological Applications of Gravitational Lensing.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Some important quantities and properties.- 3 Academic examples.- 4 Astrophysical examples.- 5 Conclusion and future prospects.- Measurement of Cosmological Parameters Using Type Ia Supernovae.- 1 Which cosmological parameters - How ?.- 2 Type Ia SNe are excellent cosmological tools.- 3 Detection/Follow-up of distant SNe.- 4 Recent results on Ho, QM and QA from SNe Ia.- 5 The (near) future.- Primordial Nucleosynthesis.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Theory.- 3 Abundances.- 4 Chemical evolution.- 5 Likelihood analysis.- 6 Constraints from BBN.- 7 Summary.- Searches For Dark Matter.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Wimps.- 3 Axions.- 4 Neutrinos.- 5 Machos.- Temperature Anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background.- 1Introduction.- 2 Temperature fluctuations of the CAM.- 3 Angular power spectrum of the primary anisotropies.- 4 The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect.- 5 In homogeneous re-ionisation.- Primordial Galaxies: From Local Hii Galaxies to High Redshift Galaxies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The HII galaxies.- 3 The early IUE observations and interpretations.- 4 HST observations.- 5 The role of the velocity structure of the ISM.- 6 The evolution of superbubbles in extended HI halos.- 7 Discussion.- Active Galactic Nuclei.- 1 Short Historic, Basic Properties.- 2 Physical Properties.- 3 Statistics.- 4 AGN and Cosmology.- 5 Prospects.- 6 Bibliography.- Cosmic Velocity Fields.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Friedmann models and horizons.- 3 The SunyaevZeldovich effect.- 4 Statistics and Fourier analysis.- 5 Newtonian fluid equations.- 6 Method and data.- 7 Reconstruction of velocity fields.

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