Forging Democracy: The Left and the Struggle for Democracy in Europe, 1850-2000

Optimistic reading

Vorwort
Tour de force of synthesis and scholarship by major European historian

Autorentext
Geoff Eley is Professor of History at the University of Michigan. He is the author and editor of many books on British and German history, including Reshaping the German Right: Radical Nationalism and Political Change after Bismarck.

Klappentext
Democracy in Europe has been a recent phenomenon. Only in the wake of World War II were democratic frameworks secured, and, even then, it was decades before democracy truly blanketed the continent.
Neither given nor granted, democracy requires conflict, often violent confrontations, and challenges to the established political order. In Europe, Geoff Eley convincingly shows, democracy did not evolve organically out of a natural consensus, the achievement of prosperity, or the negative cement of
the Cold War. Rather, it was painstakingly crafted, continually expanded, and doggedly defended by varying constellations of socialist, feminist, Communist, and other radical movements that originally blossomed in the later nineteenth century. Parties of the Left championed democracy in the
revolutionary crisis after World War I, salvaged it against the threat of fascism, and renewed its growth after 1945. They organized civil societies rooted in egalitarian ideals which came to form the very fiber of Europe's current democratic traditions. The trajectories of European democracy and
the history of the European Left are thus inextricably bound together.
Geoff Eley has given us the first truly comprehensive history of the European Left--its successes and failures; its high watermarks and its low tides; its accomplishments, insufficiencies, and excesses; and, most importantly, its formative, lasting influence on the European political landscape. At a
time when the Left's influence and legitimacy are frequently called into question, Forging Democracy passionately upholds its vital contribution.

Zusammenfassung
Seeking neither to praise nor condemn, this text gives a history of the European Left's successes and failures; its high watermarks and its low tides; its accomplishments, insufficiencies, and excesses; and its formative, lasting influence on the political landscape of the West.

Inhalt
Introduction: Defining the Left - Socialism, Democracy, and the People. Part One Making Democracy Social: Preparing the Future - Marxism and the Left: Laying the Foundation; Industrialization and the Making of the Working Class; The Rise of Labour Movement - The Forward March of History; Social Democracy and its Others - Socialism's Lacks; The Permanence of Capitalism?. Part Two Revolutionary Europe: 1914-1923; The Rupture of War - Crisis and the Reconstruction of the Left, 1914-17; The Russian Revolution; Breaking the Mould of Socialism - Left-Wing Communism, 1917-23; Germany and Italy - Two Cases; The Foundation of Communist Parties; Living the Future - The Left in Culture; The Politics of Gender: Women and the Left; A House Divided. Part Three Stabilization and the "War of Position": The Stability of Capitalism: With or Without Democracy; Stalinism and Western Marxism - Socialism in One Country; Fascism and the Popular Front, 1930-38 - Politics of Retreat; People's War and People's Peace: Remaking the Nation, 1939-47; Closure - Postwar Communism, Welfare Capitalism, and the Cold War, 1945-56; 1956. Part Four Future Imperfect; 1968 - It Moves After All; Feminism - Regendering the Left; Class and the Politics of Labour; New Politics, New Times - Remaking Socialism and Democracy; Gorbachev, End of Communism, and the Revolutions of 1989; New Social Movements - Politics Out of Doors; The Centre and the Margins - Decline or Renewal?.

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