MPLS and Label Switching Networks

An update of first edition on multiprotocol layer switching (MPLS) - a technology which adds reliability and predictability to a network.


Autorentext
UYLESS BLACK is a widely respected telecommunications consultant and lecturer with extensive operations and implementation experience in both public and private networks. His clients include Nortel Networks, British Telecom, and major carriers throughout the United States, Europe, and Asia. His recent Prentice Hall PTR books include Optical Networks: Third Generation Transport Systems; Voice Over IP, Second Edition; IP Routing Protocols; and Networking 101. He is also the creator of Uyless Black's Networking 101 Training Course (PTG Interactive).

Klappentext
The authoritative, practical introduction to the final MPLS standard!Fully updated to cover the final, official MPLS standard Presents detailed enterprise and service provider example scenarios Includes up-to-the-minute coverage of QoS and MPLS-based VPNs Introduces the new Generalized MPLS and RSVP-TE protocolsMPLS will be at the heart of tomorrow's flexible, manageable, and cost-effective networks. MPLS and Label Switching Networks, Second Edition is the authoritative resource you need to understand MPLS technologies-and implement them for competitive advantage. Renowned communications consultant Uyless Black illuminates the final MPLS standard through practical examples and detailed diagrams, offering start-to-finish guidance on using MPLS to maximize network reliability, utilization, and performance. Coverage includes: Integrating MPLS into ATM and Frame Relay networks-and both IPv4 and IPv6 environments Traffic engineering-including RSVP-TE and CR-LDP Building more resilient service provider and ISP backbones Configuring MPLS-based networks for rapid service restoration Deploying and securing MPLS-based VPNs GMPLS for optical networks: accelerating service deployment and improving operational efficiencyWhether you're in an enterprise or service provider environment, MPLS and Label Switching Networks, Second Edition gives you insight and clarity for planning, deploying, and succeeding with MPLS technologies-starting today.

Inhalt


Preface.


1. Introduction.
What is Label Switching? Why Use Label Switching? Speed and Delay. Scalability. Simplicity. Resource Consumption. Route Control (Control of the Forwarding Path). Route Control Using. The ZIP Code Analogy. Why a Label Is Not an Address. How Label Switching is Implemented and How it Came About. Clarification of Terms. The Need for a QOS-based Internet. Label Switching and QOS. The Contribution of Label Switching. Label SwitchingÕs Legacy: X.25 and Virtual Circuits. The Logical Channel Number: Precursor to the Label. Frame Relay and ATM: A Rose by Any Other Name Is Still a Rose. MPLS: Status and Concepts. Examples of Label and QOS Relationships. Determination of the Physical Path Through the Network: The Label Switched Path (LSP). Summary.

2. Label Switching Basics.
IP and MPLS Control and Data Planes. IP Control and Data Planes. MPLS Control and Data Planes. The Forwarding Equivalence Class. Scalability and Granularity. Granularity in Terabit Networks. Information Used in the Forwarding Decision. Label Allocation Methods. Local and Remote Binding. Downstream and Upstream Binding. Control Operations Followed by Data Operations. Label Space and Label Assignments. Execution of the Control Planes in a Label Switching Domain. Scenarios for Label Assignments. Relationships Between IP and MPLS Control Planes. Examples of FEC and Label Correlations: The Label Switching Tunnel. Alternatives for Carrying the Label. Label Swapping. Summary.

3. Switching and Forwarding Operations.
A Taxonomy of Switching and Forwarding Networks. Layer 2 Switching. Layer 3 Routing (Actually, Forwarding). Problem with IP Forwarding Operations. Layer 3 Switching. Cache-Assisted Switching. Distributed Switching. Example of Layer 3 Switching. Layer 4 Switching. Label Switching/Swapping/Mapping. Layer 3 to Layer 2 Mapping. At the Ingress LSR. At an Intermediate (Interior) LSR. At the Egress LSR. MPLS's Relationship to These Operations. IP Switching. Architecture of the IP Switch. Route-Server-Based Relaying. Route-Server-Based Operations. Multiprotocol Over ATM (MPOA) and Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP). Tag Switching. Forwarding Component. Tag Encapsulation. Control Component. Tag Switching with ATM. Quality of Service. Examples of Tag Switching Operations. Border (Edge) TSRs. Flow Classification. IPv6 Flow Operations. IPv4 Codepoint Operations. MPLS and LDP. IPv6 Label Operations. Summary.

4. MPLS Key Concepts.
Major Attributes of MPLS. Terminology. Network Model for Examples. Types of MPLS Nodes. Uniqueness of Labels. MPLS Startup. Assigning Labels to FECs. Independent Control. Ordered Control. Unsolicited and Solicited Label Distribution. Example of the Label Information Base (LIB). Example of the Label Forwarding Information Base (LFIB). Liberal and Conservative Retention Modes. How MPLS can Recover from Link or Node Failures. Discovery of Inoperability. Problem with the Topology in the Network Model. The MPLS Header. The Label Stack. Stacking Rules for the Label Switched Path. Penultimate Hop Popping. Stacks and Encapsulations. Reserved Label Values. MPLS terms for LIB and LFIB. The Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry (NHLFE). FEC-to-NHLFE Map (FTN). Incoming Label Map (ILM). Aggregation. Label Merging. Scope and Uniqueness of Labels in a Label Space. Hop-by-Hop and Explicit Routing. Review of the Label Retention Mode. Advertising and Using Labels. The Downstream LSR (Rd) Procedures. The Upstream LSR (Ru) Procedure. NotAvailable Procedure. Release Procedure. Label Use Procedure. Summary.

5. Label Distribution Operations.
The Issue of Label Granularity. Methods for Label Distribution. Advertising and Distributing Aggregated FECs. Ru Has Finer Granularity Than That of Rd. Ru Has Coarser Granularity Than That of Rd. Introduction to LDP. LDP Messages. FECs, Label Spaces, and Identifiers. Mapping Rules. Label Spaces and Identifiers. LDP Sessions. Sessions Between Indirectly Connected LSRs. How LSRs Know About Other LSRs. LDP Label Distribution and Management. Independent Control Mapping. Ordered Control Mapping. Downstream-on-Demand Label Advertisement. Problem Management for the First Three Distribution Methods. Downstream Unsolicited Label Advertisement. LDP Messages. The LDP Header. Type-Length-Value (TLV) Encoding. The LDP Message Format. TLVs: Formats and Functions. The LDP Messages: Formats and Functions. Loop Detection and control. Buffer Control. Time to Live (TTL). Path Vectors. Colored Threads. RSVP and Label Distribution. Aspects of RSVP Pertinent to MPLS. The Flow Descriptor. Interworking Concepts for MPLS and RSVP. More Information About RSVP Extensions. BGP and Label Distribution. Summary.

6. MPLS and ATM and Frame Relay Networks.
Aspects of ATM of Interest to MplS. Virtual Circuits. VPIs and VCIs. The ATM Cell Header. Permanent Virtual Circuits and Switched Virtual Calls. Other Important Fields in the ATM Cell. ATM and MPLS: Similarities and Differences. Scaling IP/ATM Overlay Networks. Principal Traffic Management Issues in and between ATM-LSRs. MPLS and ATM Interworking. Difficulty of Interleaving AAL5 Traffic. VC and VP Merging. The Merging Process. Reversing the Process with an MPLS Backbone. Mapping the MPLS Labels To ATM Vpis/VCIs. Types of Merging (or Nonmerging). Interoperation of VC Merge, VP Merge, and Non-merge. The Virtual…

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