Medical Psychology And Psychical Research

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MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHICAL RESEARCH T. W. MITQHELL, M. D. PRESIDENT OF THE SOCIETY FOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH AUTHOR OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF MEDICINE METHUEN CO. LTD. 36 ESSEX STREET W. C. LONDON PREFACE THIS book deals with those branches of Medical Psychology which have thrown most light on the problems of Psychical Research, namely, Hypno tism, Hysteria, and Multiple Personality. The greater part of the contents has already been published in the form of papers contributed to the Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research during the last fifteen years. The Appreciation of Time by Somnambules Chapter I appeared in 1907 A Study in Hysteria Chapter II in 1912 The Doris Fischer Case of Multiple Personality Chapter V in 1920 these papers are reprinted here almost unaltered. The substance of Chapters III, IV, and VI was embodied in a paper entitled Some Types of Multiple Personality which appeared in Proceedings, S. P. R. in 1912 but in the present book considerable additions to the original paper have been made. The greater part of Chapter IV in which is described what I have called the Jekyll and Hyde type of double person ality, and also part of Chapter VI, are now published for the first time. I desire to express my thanks to the Council of the Society for Psychical Research for permission to republish papers contributed by me to the Proceedings of that Society. T. W. M. HADLOW, KENT August, 1922 v CONTENTS CHAP. PAG I THE APPRECIATION OF TIME BY SOMNAMBULES . i II A STUDY IN HYSTERIA ..... 69 III MULTIPLE PERSONALITY ..... 103 IV MULTIPLE PERSONALITY Continued . . 139 V THE DORIS FISCHER CASE OF MULTIPLE PERSON ALITY ........ 168 VI BODY AND SOUL IN MULTIPLE PERSONALITY . 214INDEX 241 vii MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHICAL RESEARCH CHAPTER I THE APPRECIATION OF TIME BY SOMNAMBULES MANY classifications of the different stages of hypnosis have been put forward, and it is difficult to find two authors who are in agreement as to how many stages may be recognized, or by what names they are to be known. All hypnotic subjects, however, may be divided into two great groups, according to whether the events of hypnosis are forgotten or not in the waking state and the term somnambule has been very generally used to describe those who, when hypnosis is terminated, are totally amnesic for all that has happened during the trance. Although some interesting observations in regard to appreciation of time may be made in the lighter stages of hypnosis, it is in somnambules that this power is most strikingly shown and may be most conveniently studied. All the observations recorded or referred to in this paper were made on somnambules, and with regard to my own cases I can declare with the greatest certainty that in every instance post-hypnotic amnesia was complete. Every one who has done much practical hypnotic work i i 2 MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY must have observed the accuracy with which somnambules estimate time-intervals. If a somnambule is told in hypnosis to sleep for five minutes, ten minutes, or half an hour, and then wake up, it is found that awakening takes place exactly at the time mentioned, or that, if there is an error in the time-estimation, it is generally a very small one. It is also well known that this power of estimating time-intervals may persist into post-hypnotic life, so that an action suggested in hypnosis, to be per formed in waking life after a certaininterval, is generally fulfilled at the appointed time, notwithstanding that all knowledge of the suggestion is absent from the waking consciousness during the intervening period. Although this association with the hypnotic state of what appears to be a supernormal power is well worthy of investigation, we possess very few detailed records of observations which might help us in elucidating the many difficulties which confront us when we try to bring the facts into line with our ordinary psychological beliefs...

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