Scientific Instruments

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SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS Described by Specialists under the Editorship of HERBERT J. COOPER B. Sc., A. R. C. S. I., A. MJ. E. E. Head of Engineering Department, South-West Essex Technical College and School of Art. HUTCHINSONS SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS LONDON NEW YORK MELBOURNE SYDNEY PREFACE The complexity of modern science and the enormous range of modern knowledge have sometimes unfortunate consequences. One of these is specialisation, a result of which is that one group of scientists does not know how another group works. It often happens that one scientist would like to know something of the fundamental principles and uses of the instruments used by his colleagues, possibly in the hope that they may be helpful to him or just to satisfy a commendable curiosity this book is an attempt to meet this desire. Scientific instruments are here described in a way that may be understood by the non-specialist so that the worker in one field may get a useful idea of the instruments used in another. The book does not set out to tell the specialist about his own equipment but about the other mans. The surveyor will not learn from it all that he ought to know about the theodolite and its use, but he may gather some useful information about calculating machines and lenses, while the mathe matician and the optician may well like to know something about the theodolite or the mariners compass which this book can tell them, though it will not tell them anything that as specialists they should know already about the slide rule and lenses, respectively. But how many of the vast numbers of people who every day use optical instru ments whether cameras or spectaclesunderstand the functioning of a lens The book is in no sense meant to be an exhaustive treatise on instru ments, but it is hoped that it will be valuable to the student and to the research worker, as well as to many people who are using scientific instruments and require a working knowledge of them without going into the details of design. As shown in the contents list, the book is divided into five sections of broad types of instruments and each section contains a chapter on various specific classes thus Section 1, on optical instruments, has chapters on lenses, on microscopes and spectroscopes, etc. Inevitably, selection and division of sections and chapters are some what arbitrary thus the theodolite and sextant are described as survey ing and navigational instruments but might have been included as optical, as indeed could the majority of scientific instruments. Any suggestions for rearrangement and indeed for any improvement in future editions will be welcome and careful consideration given to them. The Editor and Publishers are of course well aware that the book is very far from being exhaustive in the number of instruments it describes, but it is hoped that future volumes and editions will be justified by the rec accorded to this first effort. Gratitude is expressed to all who have co-operated in giving advice and assistance, and to those specialists who have so kindly and carefully revised portions of the MS. and made valuable suggestions. The Editor feels particularly indebted to Mr. W. H. Johnson who first suggested the book and whose advice and assistance have been freely given through out its preparation. Appreciation should also be expressed of the way in which the variousauthors have co-operated and helped each other. So many firms and organizations have helped in providing information and illustrations that a separate list is appended, and to these also thanks must be expressed, for without their help the book would hardly have been possible. January, 1946. HERBERT J. COOPER...

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